All sharks and rays are fish known as “elasmobranchs,” which means they have a skeleton made of cartilage not bone. There are over 600 species of known shark, and this number is constantly increasing as we discover more about the ocean. While we have 5 senses, sharks and rays have 7. Touch, smell, taste, sight, hearing, water pressure, and they can detect slight electrical fields produced by muscles. Sharks and rays do not have fish scales, but skin made of denticles, which look like small teeth when seen under a microscope. This is why it is smooth to pet a shark from head to tail, but rough when you pet him from tail to head. All sharks and rays have internal fertilization, which means they mate. Most other fish have external fertilization. Great white sharks give live birth, just like mammals, and this is called “ovivipary.” Great white sharks are also “hetero-thermic”, which means the temperature inside their body is higher than the cold waters they swim in, very much like mammals again.

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